John j



" i described as to their chemical character in Patented Feb. 1, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT-"OFFICE.-

JOHN J. KESSLER, or

venue am) ronxmnnrzme 01:,

N6 Drawing.

The object of my invention is to produce an oil "which has the properties of a drying oil;" that is, it is converted from a viscous liquid to a film of solid material whenitis spread on a surface and exposed to the air. 'At the same time this oil-has the property of becoming polymerized when heated for a sufiicient time at temperatures of about 150 C. The oxidization of the oil disclosed here- 10 in takes place at ordinary temperatures, so

that when it is exposed to the air in a thin film, or'when it is incorporated with. pigments and exposed to the air in a thin film, it Y dries at ordinary temperaturesin a'similar 16 manner to themanner in .which varnishes and paints dry. .This' oil does not polymerize at ordinary temperatures so that it may be ke t: indefinitely in a liquid condition in a c osed container without material 20 change in hysical roperties forjmany months. en the oi is heated in contact with air both polymerization and oxidization' takes place and 1t isconvertedintoa hard, tough, solid substance, the degree of hardness depending upon the length of time it is heated. I

In the preparation of the oil disclosed in the present application, which oil has the general roperties I have just described, I start wit the coal tar .fraction' which .boils between approximately 150 and 250 C. This fraction consists of anumber of chemi- .cal bodies, some of which can be identified, but many of which'have not 'been'identified up as chemical individuals.

Amon the chemical bodies which may be ,identifie are the phenols ortar acids, naphthalene, coumarone, indene. A portion of this oil goes under the name of ore- 40 osote oil and contains hydrocarbons, saturated and unsaturated, together with vari- "ous compounds of carbon hydrogen and oxygen, traces of compounds of carbon hydro en-and 'trogem- Usually such an oil wi contain 0% to of phenols or tar acids. The balance of the oil will consist of creosote oilswhich have been partly the foregoing, but which are as already intimated of moreor less indefinite chemical coinposition. The properties of the drying and poly}.

' merizing. oil disclosed herein do not depend upon the presence ofanyparticular chemi- 56 cal indivi ua'ls, but they depend upon sr. LOUIS, :mssonnr;

AND METHOD OF MAKING sAMn.

Application filed May '9, 1924. Serial No. 712,159.

presence of the various constituents which are found in the coal tar fraction specified. The polymerizing ofthe oil depends, for instance, upon the presence of the phenols, but i the drying qualities of the oil depend not only upon the phenols but upon the various other bodies present, because after 'the phenols are removed from the coal tar fraction a drying oil can still be made by my process from the remaining fractions. Furthermore, the properties of the finished. product depend upon the mutually solvent action of the various constituents of the fraction, which solvent action is mutual whether the oil is in. an undried, dried or polymerized condition. v

' When such a, mixture of oils is subjected to the action of formaldehyde or similar substances which may be defined from the standpoint of chemical theory as containing a mobile methylene group, the phenol groups are acted upon to form polymerized resinous substances, but the action is somewhat different from the well known reaction whereby dpure phenol is reacted'upon by aldehyde bo res-"Reaction takes place at a higher temperature; it is slower and it requires no pressure in order to prevent the "formation of gas bubbles during the last stages of the reaction. Besides this, the reaction products are mutually soluble in each other and in the neutral bodies present in the mixture, so that no separation takes lace. A thin film of the finishedproduct dr1es to a homogenous transparent film, consisting of a solid resmous-hkemass without v as bubbles and of conslderable strength an toughness; In

a fractionof coaltar oi-l which has aboiling point range between 150 C. and 300 C.

without limiting myselfto exactly this boiling range; Itreat this -oil with an ount of formaldehyde oro'fother aldehyde substances. which is inexcess of the amount required to completely polymerize the phenols.

present. Inorder to accelerate the reaction the a basic catalyst, such as ammonia orsodi'um 11o hydrate, may be added to the reacting mixture. I continue the heating until a liquid is obtained of the required viscosity. I find a temperature of about 150 C. to be practical temperature to conduct this heating. In

order to illustrate the chan e which takes place in the viscosity-of the oil on subjecting it to this treatment.l will saythat a coal tar fraction, such as I have described, will have a viscosity when measured by a saybolt instrument'at 100 F. of -50. Afterthe reaction has proceeded to a practical degree for producing the finished product,the viscosity in the oil has been increased to 200-500 at the same/temperature. The oilhas, therefore, taken on considerable body and has valuable properties for a number of different uses, such as the manufacture of paints, varnishes, wood preservative, putty, roof cements and i'nsulat ng compounds, and the usefulness of the-oil in the manufacture of these products depends upon the fact that itlis a drying oil as well as a polymerizing o1 I claimi 1. The drying and polymerizing oil which is produced by the action of chemical bodies and a basic catalyst upon the coal tar fraction having a boiling range of between approximately 150 (land 250 C. k "In testimony that I claim the foregoing I hereunto affix my signature. Y

1 JOHN .LKESSLER. 

